Amygdala

What is the Amygdala and What is its Function?

The amygdala is a gray matter structure named after its oval shape: amygdalē means almond in Ancient Greek. The amygdala is part of the limbic systemThe limbic system is a key region of the brain, responsible ... More and plays a crucial role in our psychology regarding emotion regulation, functioning as an emotional memory center and evaluating the emotional significance of situations. Sensory inputs first reach the thalamus and from there split, going both to the amygdala and to the neocortex. Thanks to this neural pathway, the amygdala can respond to stimuli even before the neocortex.

When the amygdala evaluates a situation as dangerous, it can send alarm signals to major brain areas. This triggers so-called “fight-or-flight reactions,” which lead to impulsive behaviors—typically the moments when we feel like we “act without thinking.” While these reactions are essential in real danger, they become problematic when disproportionate to the situation at hand.

Disproportionate reactions of the amygdala are quite common for humans living a modern life with a brain evolved for far more dangerous environments. This makes Emotional IntelligenceThe first definition of Emotional Intelligence as such was p... More education more necessary than ever.

Where is the Amygdala Located?

In humans, the amygdala is located above the brainstem, in the lower part of the limbic system. In fact, it consists of two structures, one in each hemisphere. Compared to other primates, the amygdala is particularly large in humans. As mentioned, the amygdala specializes in emotional matters. When it is removed or damaged, the result is a clear inability to assess the emotional significance of events.

Can the Amygdala be Educated?

The functioning of the amygdala largely depends on its connections with other brain areas, especially the prefrontal cortexThe prefrontal cortex plays a fundamental role in numerous p... More and, specifically, the left prefrontal lobe, which contains a sort of “switch” capable of dampening alarm reactions. This indicates the need to educate oneself in harmonizing mind and heart, through the development of what is called Heart Intelligence, i.e., the ability of self-awarenessIl termine autoconsapevolezza si riferisce primariamente all... More and emotion management.

The Perspective of Pedagogy for the Third Millennium

In Pedagogy for the Third Millennium, great attention is given to educating emotions and regulating them, which is more effective the earlier it begins. This pedagogical method emphasizes the harmonious development of the three main parts of a human being: instinctive, emotional, and rational, corresponding to the so-called reptilian, limbic, and cortical brain. A comprehensive educational process that considers the different parts of the brain and their interactions will promote greater balance and integration between mind and emotions.

For further reading: Patrizio Paoletti, Crescere nell’eccellenza, Armando Editore, 2008